What does infiltration refer to in wastewater systems?

Infiltration in wastewater systems specifically refers to the seepage of groundwater into the collection system. This process can occur through cracks, joints, or porous materials in sewer pipes and structures. When groundwater enters the wastewater collection system, it can increase the volume of water that the treatment plant must handle, which may lead to capacity issues or the need for more extensive treatment processes.

Understanding infiltration is critical because it can significantly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment. Managing infiltration helps ensure that the system operates as intended, maintaining the required standards for water treatment and preventing overflows or system failures.

The other options do not accurately describe infiltration. Introducing chemicals into the water pertains to treatment processes rather than infiltration. The removal of water from tanks or trenches relates more to operational procedures in processing wastewater. The addition of water to treatment facilities doesn't capture the essence of infiltration since it involves treated or controlled water rather than unintended groundwater leakage.